Analysis of the causes of elevator malfunctions during operation

Elevator accessories, escalator accessories, escalator accessories, traction wheel, elevator light curtain, elevator encoder, elevator contactor, elevator speed limiter

In real life, the high-rise construction of shopping malls, hotels, and residential buildings has led to the widespread use of elevators. With the continuous improvement of elevator equipment and technology, higher challenges and requirements have been put forward for the safe operation and management of elevators, and the safety issues of elevators should be taken seriously. Due to the continuous passage of time, various malfunctions may occur in elevators, seriously affecting the competitive operation of elevator equipment. Therefore, this article first analyzes the causes of elevator malfunctions during operation, further proposes methods for finding faults, and finally puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

1、 Analysis of the causes of elevator malfunctions during operation

In the structure of elevators, normal operation relies mainly on mechanical, traction circuits, and electrical control, and no link is missing. There are various reasons that can cause elevator failures, which can be roughly divided into mechanical failures and electrical failures.

（1） The specific reasons for elevator malfunctions include the following aspects: loose connections, natural wear and damage, lubrication system problems, mechanical fatigue, and inability of the elevator's circuit system control system to compete for production and operation.

（2） Electrical reasons. In the automatic switch equipment of the elevator, there is poor contact between the component output point and the connector of the connecting line; During the operation of the elevator, there may be short circuits or short circuits in the electrical circuits and components, such as adhesion of the contacts of electrical components; Due to inadequate and untimely maintenance of elevator equipment, electrical components are covered and contaminated with dust; Over time, electrical components and circuits have aged and become damp, losing their insulation effect. From this, it can be seen that the main cause of electrical faults is the main circuit. To a large extent, after the operation and use of the elevator for a period of time, it is easy for the contactor contacts to oxidize, electrical component contacts to fatigue or have poor contact, contacts to fall off, and bearings to suffer from significant wear and tear. Therefore, based on the actual situation, the causes of elevator faults can be analyzed to effectively eliminate faults. At the same time, maintenance and upkeep of the elevator should be strengthened to ensure its normal operation.

（3） Electromagnetic interference can also affect the normal operation of elevators. Firstly, power supply noise mainly comes from the intrusion of power supply or incoming lines into the system. If the system uses the power supply together with fluctuating large loads, noise interference will be generated. When the power supply leads are relatively long, the voltage will drop, and the induced potential will produce a certain degree of noise interference, which will affect the normal operation of the system and lead to crisis, loss of information, and incorrect actions. Secondly, the noise generated by the input line. When there is a common ground line between the input line and itself or other systems, it will invade the input line and generate noise. If the input signal is small, it will cause errors in the system. Thirdly, static noise. Due to the static electricity generated by friction, although there is a smile, the voltage can reach a very high number of volts. Therefore, when a person with a high potential comes into contact with a computer board, it is possible to discharge the charges generated by the human body into the system. These currents will produce noise, which will affect the normal operation of the entire system and even damage electronic components.

2、 Methods and measures for locating electrical faults in elevators

Elevator malfunctions severely limit people's normal life and work. By analyzing the above reasons, we can roughly understand the common faults and basic principles of elevator operation.

When an elevator malfunctions, the following effective measures should be taken:

Firstly, it is necessary to inquire with the management personnel about the basic situation before and after the elevator malfunction, and whether the internal components of the elevator have been replaced and adjusted;

Secondly, it is necessary to observe whether the elevator components are working properly, whether the relevant indicator signals are correct and reasonable, and whether the components have been damaged;

Thirdly, it is important to carefully listen for any abnormal or noisy sounds in the elevator;

Fourthly, it is important to check for any unusual odors in the components of the circuit. By implementing the above inspection measures, one can gain a general understanding of the elevator malfunction and effectively eliminate it. But if the above methods still cannot solve the problem or eliminate the fault, or even find the cause of the fault, the following measures can be taken to solve it.

At present, the operation of elevators is mainly controlled and managed through computers, which makes the factors affecting electrical control system failures very complex. Therefore, a comprehensive consideration should be made on the basis of starting with the easy and then the difficult, and starting from the outside and then the inside. It is necessary to gradually and orderly search and eliminate faults.